Today, however, the Proclamation is probably best known for what it did not do, beginning with its apparent failure to rise to the level of eloquence Lincoln achieved in the Gettysburg Address or the Second Inaugural. Taken at face value, the Emancipation Proclamation was the most revolutionary pronouncement ever signed by an American president, striking the legal shackles from four million black slaves and setting the nation's face toward the total abolition of slavery within three more years.
Guelzo’s exploration of Lincoln’s reputation is both accessible and thought provoking.The Emancipation Proclamation is surely the unhappiest of all of Abraham Lincoln's great presidential papers. Guelzo responds to critics of Lincoln’s lack of racial empathy by noting that the president was “the wrong man for expressions of empathy on almost any subject.” Addressing the controversy surrounding demands for reparations for descendants of slaves, Guelzo also illustrates his conviction that students of history must not allow simplicity to crowd out complexity, pointing out the issues that make identifying the affected class a challenge. Guelzo carefully parses and contextualizes Lincoln’s statements and personality, noting that the “problem with our apprehension of Lincoln’s antislavery is that he seems to have gone about it in what we would regard as a bafflingly obtuse fashion.” For example, Lincoln did not view slavery as primarily a racial issue, but as a political and economic one.
He begins with a review of the significance of emancipation, and the evidence, which he finds compelling, that Lincoln was deeply committed to ending slavery.
Guelzo (Gettysburg: The Last Invasion), a professor of the Civil War era at Gettysburg College, argues that understanding why Lincoln still merits the title of Great Emancipator is essential to healthy race relations in the U.S., explaining his rationale with three lectures he gave at Harvard in 2012.
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